Nitrogen deficiency makes itself felt most quickly among nutrients. For this reason, nitrogen is the most important plant nutrient and the one most used in fertilization.

   In nitrogen deficiency, growth and development in plants slow down rapidly and the plant remains small. The number of shoots is low and the length of the shoot is shorter than normal. In advanced nitrogen deficiency, the shoots curl and grow downwards. The leaves shrink and fall prematurely, and severe chlorosis (yellowing) occurs. The plant secretes senescence hormone and root development is weak. Thin and weak roots are seen. Nitrogen deficiency primarily manifests itself in old leaves. This is due to the mobility of nitrogen in the plant. Early flowering will be observed and the vegetative period will be shortened.

   If too much nitrogen is given, abnormal dye leakage occurs in the plant, loosening of plant tissues, lodging in the plant, decreased resistance to diseases, and delayed growth. Negativities such as shortening of flowering and shelf life, decrease in sugar synthesis, early fruit drop, and increase in storage diseases are observed.

   All nitrogen in the urea is 'amide'. We mentioned that it is in its form and that at most 5% of the requirement is taken in this form, and that it must be converted into ammonium in order to be taken the rest. That's why when you throw clay on the field, a small change occurs as soon as you throw it on the field. This change, which is an enzymatic change and lasts around 36-48 hours, is the removal of amide nitrogen. When saturation is complete, this change does not continue and stops. The real improvement appears after 13-15 days. After 13-15 days, converted ammonium nitrogen begins to be absorbed and development continues continuously after this point. So when does this amide nitrogen turn into ammonium? Answer: when it rains. Until it rains, it turns again, but not into ammonium, but into 'ammonium's bad form'. brother" It turns into "free girl ammonia". Ammonia is a form of nitrogen that is useless to plants, and the nitrogen that turns into this form mixes with the air and disappears in the atmosphere. The plants just stare after him. This is exactly what is called nitrogen loss through evaporation. As if this were not enough, nitrogen continues to be lost on the soil surface in the form of ammonium. Until it turns into nitrate. Likewise, volatilization/evaporation is very low in nitrate. Nitrate is easily washed but does not evaporate.

Well, we threw the fertilizer into the field. How much nitrogen would we lose?

It was thrown into the wastewater. It rained within 12 hours. Loss: 4-7%

Thrown away. 24 hours of hot and rainless weather passed. Loss: 12-25%

Thrown away. 3 days of dry and rainless weather passed. Loss: 40-45%

Thrown away. 15 days of dry and rainless weather passed. Loss: 74-92%

   Your advantage in terms of duration of effect is this:

-Nitrate: short term (such as 0 to 25 days)

-Ammonium: medium term (5 to 45 days). such as)

-re: long term (such as 15 to 90 days)

Nitrogen Uptake Forms: NO3-, NH4 and NH2-

Conditions that reduce nitrogen uptake:

· Light and sandy soils that cause nitrate to leach and ammonium to leave the soil quickly.

· Soils with structural problems due to water stress, irrigation or high clay content.

· Soils with low organic matter content.

· Insufficient fertilization or depletion of nitrogen in the previous period.

· Insufficiency of root development in the plant.